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Eye color is one of the physical characteristics that makes each person look unique and attractive. Eye color is influenced by various factors, ranging from genetics to certain health conditions, so each person can have different eye colors.

Eye color is often thought to be hereditary from family, even though the process of forming eye color is more complex than simply imitating the color of one's parents' eyes. Some people can even have different eye colors from their parents, or experience color changes over time.

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Eye Color and Its Various Variants

The process of forming eye color is greatly influenced by the amount of pigment, especially melanin, in the part of the eye called iris. Here are some eye color variants that can be found:

1. Brown

Brown eye color is the most common in the world, including in Indonesia. Brown eyes have the highest melanin content so they appear darker. This color is predominantly found in Asians, Africans, and Latin Americans due to genetic factors that inherit a greater amount of melaninin the iris.

2. Black

Black eyes are actually a very dark variant of brown, making them appear completely black. The iris of a black eye contains a very high amount of melanin, so its true color is almost indistinguishable from the pupil.

black eye color is often found in East Asian, Southeast Asian, and African populations. Besides being unique, black eyes also provide better natural protection against sunlight.

3. Blue

Blue eye color is often found in European communities. The blue color occurs because the amount of melanin in the iris is very small, so that the light entering the eye is scattered and reflected, then appears bluish. The blue color effect is not actually due to the blue pigment, but rather due to the refraction of light.

4. Green

Green eyes are one of the rarest eye colors in the world. This color is formed from a combination of yellow pigment and a little melanin in the iris, resulting in a bright and distinctive greenish color. Green eyes are more common in some populations in Europe and West Asia.

5. Hazel (greenish brown or golden)

Hazel is a combination of brown, green, and sometimes golden eye colors. This color can appear to change depending on the lighting and viewing angle. Usually, the iris in hazel eyes has a unique pattern or gradation of color and is different for each person.

6. Gray

Gray eye color is a rare color. Gray irises have very little melanin content, even less than blue eyes. When the iris reflects light, the eye color will appear gray.

7. Amber

Amber is also a rare eye color. This color appears due to the dominance of lipochrome pigment in the iris. Amber eyes give an exotic and warm impression. This color is more common in some populations in Asia and South America.

In addition to the various colors above, there are also very rare eye colors, such as violet or pink. Usually, these eye colors are related to certain medical conditions, for example albinism.

Eye Color and the Factors That Determine It

There are several factors that can influence a person's eye color, including:

  • Genetics inherited from parents. A combination of several genes will determine the amount of pigment and how the eye reflects light.
  • The amount of melanin which is the main pigment (coloring substance) in the iris. The more melanin, the darker the eye color will tend to be, while the less melanin produces a light color.
  • Race and ethnicity, for example, Asians and Africans generally have brown eyes due to high melanin content, while Caucasian racial groups have a wider variety of eye colors.
  • Age factors, for example, a baby's eye color can change as they grow, especially in the first 1–2 years. This is because melanin production in the iris is still developing, so the eye color also changes.
  • Certain health conditions, such as albinism, glaucoma, or vitiligo, can affect or change eye color.
  • Other factors, such as the use of certain eye drops, trauma to the eye, or the effects of surgery, although these conditions are quite rare.

In addition to the various factors above, there are also other conditions that cause eye color to be different from normal, for example heterochromia. This condition causes a person to have 2 different eye colors, either in both eyes (heterochromia totalis) or in the same eye (heterochromia iridis).

For example, one eye is blue and the other is brown, or one eye appears to have two different colors like a spot or ring. Heterochromia is generally present from birth due to genetic variation and is not dangerous. However, this condition can also arise due to injury, inflammation, or certain diseases that affect the iris.

Furthermore, there is also Waardenburg syndrome, which is a rare genetic disorder that affects pigmentation in the hair, skin, and eyes. This condition can cause very light, blue, or even different eye colors between the left and right (similar to heterochromia).

If you experience a sudden change in eye color, especially if accompanied by other complaints such as pain or decreased vision, immediately consult a doctor online via Chat with a Doctor. By consulting, this can prevent further damage or impairment of vision function.

Label : Health cat_Health

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