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LASIK is an operation to improve the quality of vision in people with nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism. This procedure uses laser light to improve vision by changing the shape of the cornea. Patients who undergo LASIK generally no longer need to wear glasses or contact lenses.

LASIK is an abbreviation for laser in-situ keratomileusis. This operation is performed using a laser beam to change the shape of the cornea so that light passing through the cornea can be perfectly captured by the retina. In this way, vision can become better, clearer and sharper.

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Purpose and Indications for LASIK

LASIK surgery is performed to treat the following vision problems:

Farsightedness (myopia)

Farsightedness (myopia) is a condition where the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too convex, so that the reflection of light in the eye is not focused on the retina. This condition causes objects or objects that are located far away to appear blurry to the sufferer. 

LASIK in people with nearsightedness (myopia) will change the shape of the cornea which is too thick to become flatter. This makes the image or reflection of light from an object fall directly on the retina, so that sufferers can see distant objects more clearly. However, the nearsightedness suffered was no more than -13.5 diopters. 

Farsightedness (hyperopia)

Farsightedness (hyperopia) is a condition when the eyeball is too short or the curve of the cornea is too flat. This condition causes the image of an object to focus behind the retina. As a result, close objects will appear blurry. 

LASIK in sufferers of farsightedness aims to make the cornea more convex so that the focus of light falls directly on the retina. Nearsightedness that can be treated with LASIK surgery should not be more than +7 diopters.

Astigmatism

Astigmatism or cylindrical eyes is a condition where the cornea or lens of the eye is asymmetrically curved. This condition causes the image of objects captured by the eye to not be focused properly. 

LASIK surgery for astigmatism sufferers aims to correct the asymmetrical shape of the cornea so that the image of objects received by the retina can be clearer. However, the astigmatism to be operated on is no more than 6 diopters.

Not all people with the above vision problems can undergo LASIK. The following are some requirements for prospective LASIK surgery patients:

  • Be at least 18 years old, because under that age the eyesight and astigmatism can still increase
  • Have healthy eyes or no infections or abnormalities
  • Have stable visual acuity for at least the last 1 year
  • Not suffering from autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis
  • Do not experience a weak immune system, for example due to undergoing treatment immunosuppressants or suffering from HIV/AIDS
  • Do not suffer from certain eye disorders, such as keratoconus, keratitis, uveitis, herpes simplex around the eyes, glaucoma, or cataracts

LASIK Warnings and Don'ts

LASIK cannot correct vision problems in older eyes or presbyopia. Generally, doctors will recommend other methods to treat this condition, such as using glasses or contact lenses. 

LASIK surgery is also not recommended or should be performed with caution in patients with the following conditions: 

  • Have a thin cornea or very large pupil
  • Profession as an athlete in a sport that carries a risk of causing injury to the eyes or face, such as boxing
  • Are pregnant or breastfeeding
  • Taking medications, such as amiodarone or isotretinoin, because they can affect corneal healing

Advantages and Disadvantages of LASIK

Before deciding to undergo LASIK, patients need to know the advantages and disadvantages of this procedure. The following are the advantages of having LASIK surgery:

  • Success rate is high, around 96% of patients experience improved vision quality
  • Mild pain during surgical procedures
  • Vision generally improves immediately after surgery
  • No stitches or bandages required after surgery
  • Adjustments can be made if visual acuity changes with age

While the disadvantages of undergoing LASIK are:

  • The surgical technique is complicated and the slightest mistake can have a permanent impact on the patient's vision
  • The results of surgery may be no better than the clearest vision previously achieved by the patient with the help of glasses or contact lenses
  • Expensive and not covered by insurance 

Before LASIK

Before undergoing LASIK, patients need to make the following preparations so that the operation runs smoothly: 

  • Do not use contact lenses and replace them with glasses for several weeks before surgery
  • Do not use eye makeup the day before and on the day of the operation
  • Routinely clean your eyelashes before surgery to avoid the risk of infection
  • Ask family or relatives to accompany you when leaving, during the operation, and when you return from the hospital

Apart from the preparations above, the doctor will also do the following things before LASIK surgery:

  • Discuss with the patient about the procedure, advantages, disadvantages and risks of LASIK
  • Checking the patient's medical history
  • Conduct a thorough physical examination of the patient's eyes, including visual ability, signs of eye infection, dry eyes, pupil condition, and eye pressure
  • Checking the shape of the eye, as well as the contour and thickness of the cornea
  • Evaluate the shape of the cornea to determine whether there are corneal deformities that should not be operated on using the LASIK method

LASIK Procedure

LASIK generally takes about 20 minutes for one eye. After the preparations are complete, the ophthalmologist will perform LASIK with the following stages:

  • Have the patient lie on his back on a special bed 
  • Giving sedatives to reduce patient anxiety during surgery
  • Giving local anesthesia with eye drops so that the patient does not feel pain during surgery
  • Using a support (speculum) to hold the eyelids
  • Place a ring-shaped device (suction ring) to pull the cornea
  • Ask the patient to focus on looking at one point during the corneal correction process 
  • Making an incision in the cornea of ​​a certain size to produce a flap, which is an incision in the cornea that cannot be separated from the eye
  • Folds the flap sideways so the doctor can get access to the part of the cornea that needs repair
  • Repair the part of the cornea that has been previously evaluated using a laser
  • Reattaches the flap to the cornea without suturing

After LASIK

After LASIK is completed, patients may feel pain, itching, or burning in the eyes. To relieve these complaints, the doctor will prescribe pain medication.

Even though the patient can see after surgery, his vision will not immediately clear until 2–3 months. Some things that patients need to do after surgery are:

  • Wear eye protection for at least 6 hours after LASIK surgery
  • Do not rub your eyes so that the position of the flap does not shift
  • Routine check-ups with a doctor to check the recovery process, visual acuity, and whether there are complications after LASIK surgery
  • Wear eye protection while sleeping until at least 1 month after surgery
  • Do not use facial makeup or skincare around the eyes until 2 weeks after surgery
  • Avoid light exercise for at least 3 days after surgery and vigorous exercise for up to 1 month after surgery
  • Do not swim or bathe until 2 months after surgery

The success rate of LASIK is generally considered high. LASIK surgery for nearsightedness is known to be higher than surgery for farsightedness or astigmatism. 

Complications or Side Effects of LASIK

Like other operations, LASIK can cause some complications or side effects, such as:

  • Dry eyes
  • Visual acuity does not improve
  • Infection or damage to the flap cornea
  • Cylindrical formation (astigmatism) occurs due to uneven erosion of the cornea
  • Vision problems, such as double vision or increased sensitivity to light
  • Red or pink bruising around the operated eye 

Some of the complications above can cause the patient to have to undergo additional correction surgery, or have to continue wearing glasses or contact lenses.

Immediately see a doctor if you experience the following complaints after undergoing LASIK:

  • Eyes are very red or very painful
  • Suddenly blurred vision
  • Extremely watery eyes
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