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The anatomy of the hand is composed of various parts that work together to support the function of movement and touch in the hand and fingers. If one part of the hand is disturbed, hand function will be problematic and this can interfere with daily activities.

The hand is one of the parts of the human body that have an important role in life. With a complex and flexible structure, the hand allows you to perform various movements, such as grasping, writingwriting, sewing, painting, or playing a musical instrument.

In addition, hands have the ability to feel temperature, texture, pressure and pain thanks to the nerve endings found in the skin. These functions are realized thanks to the cooperation of various anatomical components of the hand.

Hand Anatomy and Its Functions

Hand anatomy includes structures throughout the hand and wrist, which work together to support motor function and sensitivity. The wrist allows the hand to reach, grasp, or touch objects thanks to its ability to flex and rotate the joint freely.

The following is an explanation of anatomy of the hand and wrist and their functions:

1. Bones and joints

The bones in the hand and wrist play a role in determining the basic shape of the hand and wrist. This bone is also a place where muscle tissue and tendons in the hands and fingers attach. 

In hand anatomy, the bones of the hand and wrist consist of the following:

• Metacarpal bones, which are a group of connected bones with the fingers and wrist, and arranged of the 5 bones that make up the palm of the hand
• Finger bones (phalanges), consisting of The 14 bones that make up the fingers of the hand where the thumb only has 2 bones (distal and proximal) while the other 4 fingers have 3 bones (distal, middle and proximal)
• Sesamoid bones, which are small bones that are inside the tendon and function to help the tendon move more smoothly
• The carpal bones, which are bones consisting of 8 small bones in the wrist, form 2 rows, and support the flexibility of the hand

In the hand there are also several joints that play an important role in connecting the bones in the hand, fingers and wrist, namely:

• The metacarpophalangeal joint, located at the base of the finger between the metacarpal bone and the finger bone
• Interphalangeal joints, located between the bones of the fingers, except the thumb
• The carpometacarpal joint, located between the wrist bones and the metacarpal bones.

2. Muscles

Muscles of the hand and wrist play an important role in provides strength, flexibility, and the ability to perform a wide range of movements. These muscles are divided into 2 main groups, namely intrinsic muscles and extrinsic muscles.

Intrinsic muscles are completely in the hand . Its function is to control finger movements and provide strength and precision in grip, for example pinching and writing. An example of an intrinsic muscle in the anatomy of the hand is the thenar muscle. , hypothenar, interossei, and lumbrical. 

Meanwhile, extrinsic muscles originate from outside the hand, namely from the forearm. This part of the muscle controls larger movements, including wrist and overall finger movement.

3. Nervous system

Every movement of the hand and wrist is controlled by the nervous system. These nerves not only help muscles move, but also allow you to feel various sensations, such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure.

There are 3 main nerves that are responsible for sensation and movement of the hand, including:

• Radial nerve, ie nerves responsible for controlling muscle movement in the back of the arm and hand, as well as providing sensation to the back of the hand
• The median nerve, which is the nerve that connects the muscles and skin on the front of the hand, and allows you to feel sensations such as touch and temperature in the palm and fingers
• The ulnar nerve, which is the nerve that controls most of the muscles in the palm of the hand and provides sensation in the ring finger and little finger area

4. Ligaments and tendons

Ligaments and tendons in hand anatomy it has an important role in maintaining stability and movement.

Ligaments are connective tissue that connect bones with each other bones, and provide support and stability to the joints of the hand. Meanwhile, tendons function to connect muscles to bones, allowing movement of the hand when the muscles contract.

Both work in harmony to support various activities. involves the hands, from grasping to making fine movements.

5. Blood vessels

Blood vessels in the hands consist of arteries and veins. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the hands, while veins return blood to the heart. There are 2 main arteries in the hand, namely the radial artery and the ulnar artery.

The radial artery carries blood from the heart to the radius (radius) up to the thumb. Meanwhile, the ulnar artery carries blood from the heart to the ulna, to the middle finger, ring finger and little finger.

Disorders that can occur in the hands

Hand function can be impaired due to several factors, such as injury, infection, or certain medical conditions. The following are some disorders that can occur and can affect the anatomical function of the hand:

• Bone fractures
• Trigger finger
• Carpal turner syndrome
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Tendinitis
• Skin diseases, such as eczema and pompholyx

 

This disorder can inhibit the hand's ability to carry out activities . Therefore, it is important to get appropriate treatment or treatment.

Given that the anatomy of the hand and its function are so important for daily activities, Hand health needs to always be maintained. Here's how:

• Do light stretching and exercise regularly to maintain flexibility and strength of hand muscles.
• Make sure to always warm up and cooling down while exercising.
• Use protective gloves when working with chemicals or in hazardous environments.
• Don't force yourself to do activities when your hands feel tired.
• Take care of your fingernails by cutting them regularly.

If you experience complaints in your hands after falling or wrist pain , consult a doctor via Chat with a Doctor. The doctor can provide initial treatment and recommend an immediate examination at the hospital to confirm the anatomical condition of the hand and determine appropriate treatment.

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