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The function of dendrites is closely related to the communication process in the nervous system. The existence of these dendrites allows interactions between nerve cells to run smoothly and effectively, thereby enabling the functions of the nervous system and brain, from thinking, moving, to receiving sensory stimuli, including pain stimuli.

Dendrites are a part of nerve cells (neurons). Dendrites are found in every nerve cell, both brain nerves, spinal nerves , autonomic nerves, as well as peripheral nerves.

When viewed with a microscope, dendrites can be recognized by their characteristic shape, which is like tree branches and is located close to the nerve cell body (soma). Each end of the dendrite has a synapse, which is a connection between 2 nerve cells that supports the function of the dendrite in exchanging information.

Function of Dendrites in the Nervous System

Functions of dendrites in the nervous system is to receive signals from nerve cells. The presence of synapses at each end of the dendrite, as well as its branched, tree-like shape, allows the dendrite to capture signals from many neurons at once. Synapses act as a place for exchanging information between neurons.

To send information, the sending neuron releases electrical impulses or neurotransmitters, which are chemical compounds that carry certain signals or messages from nerves to other nerves. Neurotransmitters are then received by receptors on the recipient neuron's dendrites and converted into electrical impulses.

After receiving the signal, the dendrites transmit it to the nerve cell body (soma), which is the place where information is collected. Here, the signals received will be analyzed and then transmitted to the axon. 

The exchange of information between neurons is very important for various body functions, such as regulating movement, performance of body organs, and processing stimuli sensory, for example painful stimuli and hot or cold temperatures. 

Apart from that, dendrites also play an important role in supporting complex cognitive functions, such as thinking, solving problems (problem solving), remembering, regulating emotions, and making decisions.

Characteristics and Importance of Maintaining Dendrite Health

Dendrites are very small, with a diameter of around 1–8 μm. Therefore, dendrites cannot be seen directly with the eye and can only be seen using a microscope. 

Viewed from a microscope, dendrites have cytoplasm which consists of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, microtubules, neurofilaments, and actin filaments. These various components enable the dendrites to work properly and support the performance of the body's nervous system.

When the dendrites are disturbed or damaged, the body can experience various symptoms. The following are some symptoms of disorders of the dendrites that can appear:

• Feeling numbness, pain, or tingling
• Weakened muscle movements 
• Paralyzed
• Difficulty thinking
• Easy to forget
• Seizures

To maintain healthy dendrites and avoid the various problems above, you are advised to adopt habits that can maintain healthy nerve cells, including:

• Maintaining a nutritious diet
• Avoid smoking and consuming alcohol
• Exercise at least 20–30 minutes per day
• Avoiding stress
• Get enough sleep, which is around 7–9 hours a day
• Consume about 8 glasses of water per day
• Do brain exercises

Well, that's the function of dendrites in the nervous system and their characteristics. Because of its important function as a medium of communication between neurons and supporting the health and functioning of the nervous system in general, it is important to always maintain this part of the nerve cells.

If you have symptoms of dendrite or nerve cell disorders as described above, you should see a doctor. Apart from that, you can also consult with a doctor online via Chat with a Doctor to get appropriate treatment advice.

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