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The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the cerebrum. This part has an important role in remembering, reasoning, and solving problems. However, this area can be damaged and cause several symptoms, such as personality and emotional changes and speech disorders.

The cerebral cortex is the layer which consists of 6 layers of nerve cells containing about 16 billion nerve cells. This part of the cerebrum is 2–4 mm thick and weighs half the total weight of the brain.

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The cerebral cortex has many folds on its surface, so it appears like wrinkles. These folds consist of many complex pathways and function to process various information. The cerebral cortex is also often referred to as the gray layer because it has a darker color than the inside.

The Cerebral Cortex and Its Functions

The cerebral cortex consists of two hemispheres, namely the left and right. The two are united by nerve fibers called the corpus callosum. 

Each hemisphere consists of a number of lobes that play an important role in how it works brain, namely the frontal, occipital, parietal and temporal lobes. Each lobe has its own function in how the cerebral cortex works. 

The following are some of the functions of the cerebral cortex based on its parts:

1. Frontal lobe

The first function of the cerebral cortex is to build cognitive ability. This function is carried out by the front cerebral cortex or also called the frontal lobe, which is related to decision-making and problem-solving functions. 

Apart from that, this part of the cerebral cortex also functions to think, understand and control behavioral patterns, emotions and speaking ability. 

2. Occipital lobe

The occipital lobe is located at the back of the cerebral cortex and functions to process visual data. This lobe plays an important role in receiving data from the eye during the vision process. 

Data received from the eyes will be processed into various visual data, such as color, movement and position. This also causes you to be able to recognize an object or a person's face.

3. Parietal lobe

Other functions of the cerebral cortex are carried out by the parietal lobe, which is the lobe located between the frontal and occipital lobes. This lobe combines sensory information from all parts of the body. In other words, this lobe functions to process various sensations, such as touch, temperature and pressure.

In addition, the function of the cerebral cortex This section also functions to create body movements as needed. 

4. Temporal lobe

The cerebral cortex also functions in hearing and memory processes. This function is carried out by a pair of lobes located in the left and right brain, namely the lobes. temporal. This lobe has a role in processing hearing and memory.

Apart from that, the function of the cerebral cortex also plays a role in the ability to process and understand language . This is what causes you to be able to recognize an object and the concept behind the object.

Cerebral Cortex and Possible Disorders

There are several damages or disorders that can occur in the cerebral cortex. This usually occurs in one lobe of the cortex. The accompanying symptoms can vary, depending on which part is damaged.

The following are disorders that can occur in the cerebral cortex:

  • Damage to the frontal lobe, such as personality disorders and speech difficulties (apraxia)
  • Damage to the temporal lobe, such as memory impairment, hearing loss, and difficulty understanding language (aphasia) 
  • Damage to the occipital lobe, such as visual impairment, color blindness, and hallucinations
  • Damage to the parietal lobe, such as numbness and difficulty writing ( agraphia)

Given that the cerebral cortex has such a big role in life, it is important for you to make various efforts to maintain its health, such as exercising regularly, not smoking, reducing stress, and wearing protective equipment. head when driving or doing certain sports.

If you experience complaints or symptoms that are suspected to be a cerebral cortex disorder, do not hesitate to consult see a doctor online via Chat with a Doctor. Later, the doctor will determine the cause and diagnosis and provide treatment according to your condition.

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