Beware of Placental Disorders in Pregnant Women

Pregnant women are prone to various health problems, including placental disorders. When a disorder occurs, the important role of the placenta in maintaining the health of the baby and pregnant women can be disrupted and potentially cause life-threatening complications during pregnancy.

The baby's placenta begins to form in the womb early in pregnancy. Generally, the placenta forms and develops where the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine wall.
Beware of Placental Disorders in Pregnant Women

The function of the placenta is to transport oxygenated blood from the mother to the fetus and vice versa. In addition, the placenta also serves as a provider of nutrition for the fetus, protects the fetus from bacterial infections, and plays a role in producing hormones. Therefore, regular check-ups with a doctor should be carried out.

Types of Placental Disorders

The following are various types of placental disorders that are common:

1. Aplacental abruption (placental abruption)

Placentral abruption is a condition in which the placenta, either partially or completely, is shed from the uterine wall that occurs before the time of delivery arrives. This condition causes the supply of nutrients and oxygen to be cut off for the baby.

Placentral abruption generally occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy, or after 20 weeks. Symptoms include vaginal bleeding, contractions or abdominal cramps in pregnant women. In some cases, this condition can also cause preterm labor.

2. Placenta previa

Placenta previa occurs when the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix. This condition can cause severe vaginal bleeding before delivery.

This is more common in early pregnancy and can develop as the uterus grows. Caesarean section is the only method of delivery recommended for mothers with placenta previa.

3. Placenta accreta

Placenta accreta is a situation when placental tissue grows too deep in the uterine wall. This condition can cause a pregnant woman to bleed in the third trimester and lose a lot of blood after delivery.

A more serious condition can occur when the placenta attaches to the uterine muscle (placenta increta), and when the placenta grows through the uterine wall ( placenta percreta).

This situation is usually treated by cesarean section and in most cases by removal of the uterus.

4. Retention of the placenta (retention placenta)

In the process of delivery, normally within 30 minutes after the baby is born the placenta will also be expelled from the uterus.

The placenta is called retained if this organ is still attached to the uterine wall and is trapped behind the semi-closed cervix, up to 30 minutes or an hour after delivery.

If not treated immediately, retained placenta can make the mother lose a lot of blood which can be life threatening.

5. Placental insufficiency (placental insufficiency)

An incomplete or damaged placenta (placental insufficiency) is a serious complication of pregnancy. This condition can be caused by insufficient blood flow from the mother during pregnancy.

An underdeveloped placenta causes the fetus to also not develop, resulting in abnormalities (birth defects), premature delivery, and low birth weight during pregnancy.

This condition can be caused by anemia, diabetes, hypertension, smoking habits, side effects of drugs, and blood clotting disorders in the mother.

Risk Factors for Placental Disorders

Various disorders of the placenta can be caused by many things, but in most cases the cause of this placental disorder is not known for sure.

However, there are several risk factors that can increase the chances of pregnant women getting placental disorders, including:

  • High blood pressure
  • Pregnant over the age of 40
  • Premature rupture of membranes before delivery
  • Blood clotting disorders
  • Conceiving twins
  • Using drugs
  • Have had a medical procedure on the uterus
  • Have had an injury to the abdomen, such as a fall or an impact on the stomach
  • Have had a placental disorder in a previous pregnancy

See your obstetrician immediately if you experience symptoms that suggest a placental disorder, such as abdominal pain, unbearable back pain, vaginal bleeding, and persistent uterine contractions before delivery.

In addition to placental disorders, also check your pregnancy when you have an abdominal injury, such as a fall or accident. The goal is that any abnormalities that may occur can be anticipated early on.

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