Optimizing Cognitive Development of Children with Iron Adequacy

Parenteral is a method of administering nutrients, drugs, or fluids through a vein. This method is often used in patients with digestive disorders, such as malabsorption, or patients who have recently undergone gastrointestinal surgery.

The body gets nutrients from the food and drink that is consumed daily. The food and drink will then go through the digestive process in the body.

Optimizing Cognitive Development of Children with Iron Adequacy

However, the digestive system can sometimes experience problems, so that its ability to digest and absorb nutrients is impaired.

When this happens, the body will find it difficult to get essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates. Over time, the body can experience a lack of nutrients.

To prevent and overcome this problem, you can get parenteral nutrition from your doctor. In addition to providing nutrition and fluids, parenteral methods can also be used to administer drugs by injection into a vein or infusion.

This method of administering drugs is usually done in patients who have difficulty swallowing or cannot swallow, or have digestive disorders.

Some Conditions that Require Parenteral Nutrition

Parenteral nutrition will be adjusted according to the patient's overall condition, the type of nutrition required, and the disease suffered. Some patients can get parenteral nutrition for a short period of time, but there are also patients who need parenteral nutrition for the rest of their lives.

The following are some conditions that make a person need parenteral nutrition:

  • Cancers of the digestive tract, such as gastric cancer and colon cancer
  • Inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
  • History of surgery on the intestine
  • Disorders in the bloodstream or ischemia
  • Blockage in the intestine, eg obstructive ileus
  • Malabsorption
  • Difficulty swallowing or dysphagia

Administration Parenteral nutrition can also be done in infants who cannot digest nutrients from breast milk or formula milk properly, such as in the conditions of Necrotizing enterocolitis or NEC.

Parenteral Nutrition Procedure

Parenteral nutrition is done by injection or infusion. In general, there are two types of parenteral nutrition methods, namely:

Total parenteral nutrition ( total parenteral nutrition / TPN)

This method of parenteral nutrition is performed on patients who cannot digest all types of nutrition at all, so that the entire nutritional intake is given completely by infusion.

Partial parenteral nutrition ( partial parenteral nutrition / PPN)

VAT is generally administered in the short term in patients who are dehydrated or have difficulty digesting certain nutrients (malabsorption).

Side Effects and Risks of Parenteral Nutrition

Although it is useful to meet the needs of nutrition and body fluids, giving parenteral nutrition can also cause some of the following risks and side effects:

  • Infection, usually in veins
  • Swelling in the hands, legs, waj ah, or in certain organs, such as the lungs
  • Shortness of breath
  • Electrolyte disturbances
  • Blood sugar rises excessively (hyperglycemia) or decreases too dramatically (hypoglycemia )
  • Fever and chills
  • Blood clots
  • Impaired liver function
  • Problems with bile, such as the formation of gallstones or inflammation of the bile
  • Decreased bone density, especially in long-term parenteral nutrition

To anticipate and prevent these side effects, the doctor will monitor the patient's condition while providing nutrition, medicine, or fluids parenterally

If the side effects that arise are potentially harmful to the patient, the doctor will stop or reduce the administration of nutrition or drugs parenterally for some time until the patient's condition improves.

If your condition requires parenteral nutrition , do not hesitate to ask the doctor about the benefits, risks, timeframe, and things that need to be done while getting the handling.

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