Causes of the Lump on the Back of the Head and When to Be Alert

The Ministry of Health has determined seven COVID-19 vaccines to be used in the vaccination program to break the chain of spread of the Corona virus in Indonesia. To find out what are the differences between the COVID-19 vaccines, see the following article.

In the Decree of the Minister of Health Number HK.01.07/ Menkes/ 12758/2020, a number of COVID-19 vaccines have been determined that will be circulating in Indonesia, namely vaccines produced by PT Bio Farma, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, Moderna, Novavax, Pfizer-BioNTech, and Sinovac.

Causes of the Lump on the Back of the Head and When to Be Alert

Differences for COVID-19 Vaccines

The following are some of the differences between the COVID-19 vaccines that have been approved by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia:

1. Sinovac Vaccine

  • Vaccine name: CoronaVac
  • Country of origin: China
  • Basic ingredients: Corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) that has been killed ( inactivated virus )
  • Clinical Trials: phase III (completed)
    • Location: China, Indonesia, Brazil, Turkey, Chile
    • Age of participants: 18–59 years
    • Dosage: 2 doses (0.5 ml per dose) at a distance of 14 days
    • Vaccine efficacy: 65.3% (in Indonesia), 91.25% (in Turkey)

The Sinovac vaccine has exceeded the minimum standard of 50% set by WHO and FDA. This vaccine has also received emergency use of authorization (EUA) from the BPOM, as well as halal certification from the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI).

After being injected, the inactive virus in this vaccine will trigger the immune system to produce antibodies that can specifically fight the Corona virus. That way, if at any time the body is attacked by the Corona virus, there are already antibodies that can fight it and prevent disease.

The likelihood of infection or symptomatic COVID-19 disease in people who have been vaccinated with the Sinovac vaccine can decrease by 65%.

As an illustration, if there were 9 million people who could have been infected and hospitalized because of COVID-19, after giving this vaccine the number could have decreased to only 3 million people. While on an individual scale, the risk of people who have been vaccinated will be 3 times lower to experience illness due to COVID-19.

This vaccine is also considered safe, because the side effects that can appear are only mild and temporary, such as pain at the injection site, muscle pain, and headaches. The most common side effect was pain at the injection site and disappeared within 3 days on average.

2. Oxford-AstraZeneca Vaccine

  • Vaccine name: AZD1222
  • Country of origin: United Kingdom
  • Basic ingredients: genetically modified viruses ( viral vector )
  • Clinical trials: phase III (nearing completion)
    • Location: England, America, South Africa, Colombia, Peru, Argentina
    • Age of participants: & gt; 18 years old to & gt; 55 years old
    • Dosage: 2 doses (0.5 ml per dose), 4–12 weeks apart
    • Vaccine efficacy: 70.4% (temporary)

The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine's efficacy is not much different from the Sinovac vaccine. This vaccine is proven to be safe and effective in reducing the risk of being infected with Corona and the risk of serious illness or needing to be hospitalized.

This vaccine contains a harmless virus. After being injected, this virus will enter the body's cells, then trigger the body's immune system to produce antibodies and activate immune cells that can fight the Corona virus.

In clinical trials, most vaccine side effects were mild to moderate and resolved within a few days. Symptoms that are commonly experienced are> 10%, including muscle pain, redness, itching, swelling or lumps at the injection site, fever, fatigue, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, sore throat, flu, and cough.

Meanwhile, the less frequent symptoms, only ≤1%, were dizziness, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, enlarged lymph nodes, excessive sweating, itchy skin, and a rash.

3. Sinopharm Vaccine

  • Vaccine Name: BBIBP-CorV
  • Country of origin: China
  • Ingredients: Corona virus that is disabled ( inactivated virus )
  • Clinical trials: phase III (completed)
    • Location: China, United Arab Emirates, Morocco, Egypt, Bahrain, Jordan, Pakistan, Peru, Argentina
    • Age of participants: 18–85 years
    • Dosage: 2 doses (0.5 ml per dose) at a distance of 21 days
    • Vaccine efficacy: 79.34% (in the United Arab Emirates)

The way the Sinopharm vaccine works is the same as the Sinovac vaccine, which is to trigger the immune system to produce antibodies against the Corona virus using a virus that has been turned off.

This vaccine has also passed phase 3 clinical trials and obtained emergency use permits from health authorities in China and Arabia. So far, the Sinopharm vaccine is safe and does not cause serious side effects.

4. Moderna Vaccine

  • Vaccine name: mRNA-1273
  • Country of origin: United States
  • Base material: messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • Clinical trials: phase III (completed)
    • Location: United States
    • Age of participants: & gt; 18 years old to & gt; 55 years old
    • Dosage: 2 doses (0.5 ml per dose) 28 days apart
    • Vaccine efficacy: 94.1%

The Moderna vaccine has received an emergency use permit from the United States. What distinguishes this vaccine from the three vaccines above is the basic ingredients used. The Moderna vaccine uses a viral genetic material (mRNA).

The mRNA vaccine works by directing the body's cells to produce a protein that has the same shape as the protein in the Corona virus. Furthermore, the body's cells will produce antibodies to fight these proteins. These antibodies will then protect the body from the Corona virus.

In clinical trials, side effects that occurred in 50% of participants were fatigue, headaches, muscle and joint pain. However, these side effects disappear after 2 days at most. In addition, pain at the injection site, swelling, redness also occurs, but the degree is mild to moderate.

5. Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccine

  • Vaccine name: BNT162b2
  • Country of origin: United States
  • Base material: messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • Clinical trials: phase III (completed)
    • Location: United States, Germany, Turkey, South Africa, Brazil, Argentina
    • Age of participants: & gt; 16 years old to & gt; 55 years old
    • Dosage: 2 doses (0.3 ml per dose) 3 weeks apart
    • Vaccine efficacy: 95%

Despite using the same basic ingredients, the results of the phase 3 clinical trial of Pfizer's vaccine are slightly higher than that of the Moderna vaccine. However, despite differences in the efficacy of the Moderna vaccine and the Pfizer vaccine, these two COVID-19 vaccines in general have almost the same level of safety and side effects.

6. Novavax Vaccine

Profile about the Novavax vaccine:

  • Vaccine name: NVX-CoV2372
  • Country of origin: United States
  • Base ingredients: protein subunits
  • Clinical trials: phase III (unfinished)
    • Location: UK, India, South Africa, Mexico
    • Age of participants: 18–59 years
    • Dosage: 2 doses (0.5 ml per dose) at a distance of 21 days
    • Vaccine efficacy: unknown

The protein subunit used in the Novavax vaccine is a protein specially made to mimic the natural protein in the Corona virus. After entering the body, these proteins will trigger an antibody reaction to fight the Corona virus and prevent infection.

Preliminary clinical trial results published by Novavax show a strong antibody reaction in humans without serious side effects. A phase 3 clinical trial to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the Novavax vaccine is expected to be completed in the near future.

7. Red and White Vaccine - BioFarma

In collaboration with the Eijkman Biomolecular Institute, PT BioFarma is still developing and researching the COVID-19 vaccine. Clinical trials of this vaccine are planned to start around June 2021.

Those are the different COVID-19 vaccines that you need to understand. The vaccine is expected to be a solution to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it requires the cooperation of all Indonesian people to make this effort a success.

Not only that, this effort must also be accompanied by disciplined application of health protocols. Whether vaccinated or not, everyone must continue to undergo this protocol to prevent transmission of the Corona virus.

If you still have questions about the different types of COVID-19 vaccines and their differences, ask your doctor. Remember, don't fall for the hoaxes about vaccines, let alone spread them, because this can harm yourself and others.

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