Causes of brown spots during pregnancy

Endurological procedures are special procedures in the field of urology that are performed only by making small incisions or even no incisions at all. Compared to conventional urological procedures (open surgery), endurological procedures have a number of advantages.

Endurological procedures are used to treat various conditions or disorders of the urinary tract and male reproductive organs. Apart from being a treatment, endourology can also be used by doctors to find out the cause and determine ways to prevent a recurrence of a disorder.

Causes of brown spots during pregnancy

Types of Endourological Procedures

The following are some types of endourological procedures that are often performed by urologists to treat disorders of the urinary tract or male reproductive organs:

1. Urethroscopy

This action uses a special tool in the form of a camera tube to see the condition of the urinary tract. Urethroscopy is used to treat narrowing or blockage of the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine out of the body.

2. Ureteroscopy

Similar to urethroscopy, this procedure uses a special tube to see the condition of the urinary tract. The difference, ureteroscopy is used to remove stones or tumors in the ureter, which is the tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

3. Cystoscopy

This action can display a detailed image of the urinary tract with the help of a special telescope-like device called a cystoscope.

Cystoscopy is usually used to treat stones or tumors in the bladder. However, doctors can also use this procedure to treat a blocked ureter or an enlarged prostate.

4. Nephroscopy

Nephroscopy is used to remove stones or tumors in the kidney. In this procedure, the kidney can be removed partially or completely.

Endourology Procedures

Almost all endourological procedures can be performed on an outpatient basis. Some are only performed under local anesthesia, but some require general anesthesia where the patient is put to sleep. In addition, the incisions that are made to provide entry for surgical instruments are small, they can be completely incision-free.

In the case of urinary tract stones, for example, the stones can be removed or broken using small instruments that are inserted into the body through the hollow organs, namely the opening and urethra, bladder, then ureters. This allows the doctor to perform the operation without making any incisions.

Pros of Endourological Procedures

As mentioned earlier, unlike open surgery which requires a wide incision, incisions in endurological procedures are relatively small, and even in certain cases, can be performed without the need for incisions at all.

This makes endurological procedures have a number of advantages over open surgery, namely the length of stay that is shorter or doesn't even require hospitalization, the risk of urinary tract bleeding is less, and the time to use urinary catheters after surgery is shorter.

However, please note that endourological procedures require sophisticated instruments, so the costs are relatively more expensive and the operation time is relatively longer than open operations.

If you have problems with the urinary tract or reproductive organs and want to find out whether you are a suitable candidate for treatment with an endourological procedure, consult your doctor further.

The doctor will examine your specific medical history and the specific nature of your illness to decide if your condition can be treated with an endourological procedure.

Written by:

Sonny Seputra, M.Ked.Klin, Sp.B, FINACS

(Surgeon)

Label : Health cat_Health

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