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Eyelid tumors are often considered harmless because they are difficult to spot and generally asymptomatic. However, if not treated as early as possible, the eyelid tumor can get bigger or potentially become cancerous.

An eyelid tumor is an abnormal growth of cells in the area of ​​the eyelid. These tumor cells generally appear on the tissue or skin surface of the eyelids.

Under normal conditions, the body will control the formation of new cells to replace cells that have been damaged or died. However, the nature of these cells can sometimes change and can grow uncontrollably. Over time, this condition can cause tumors to form.

Generally, eyelid tumors appear on the epidermis or the outer layer of the eyelid skin. This type of tumor can be asymptomatic in its early stages, but over time it can cause symptoms, such as changes in the color of the skin on the eyelids, the appearance of lumps, and loss of eyelashes.

Causes of Eyelid Tumors

Until now, the cause of eyelid tumors is still unknown. However, there are several factors that are known to increase the risk of developing eyelid tumors, including:

• The frequency of exposure to UV radiation is quite high
• Light skin tone or low melanin content in the skin
• Age over 50
• History of skin cancer

Besides, tumor or cancer can be hereditary. A person is more at risk of developing a tumor on the eyelid if he has a family member who also has tumors or cancer of the eyelids.

Types of Eyelid Tumors

By their nature, eyelid tumors are divided into two types, namely:

Benign eyelid tumor

Benign eyelid tumors are not cancerous and generally do not spread to other body tissues. Types of benign eyelid tumors that are commonly encountered are:

• A nevus is also called a mole. These benign tumors appear as black or brown spots on the skin on the eyelids. These tumors are harmless and do not cause any symptoms.
• Papilloma is a benign tumor on the eyelid that looks like a lump with a smooth surface and is the same color as the skin or slightly reddish. These tumors are generally caused by infection with the HPV virus.

Malignant eyelid tumors

Some malignant tumors on the eyelids are malignant or cancerous. If not treated promptly, a malignant or cancerous tumor on the eyelid can spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).

The following are some types of malignant tumors on the eyelids:

1. Basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinomal is the most common type of malignant eyelid tumor. This type of tumor is more common in white people and people over 50 years of age. These tumors can appear along the eyelid and if left untreated, they can spread to the back of the eye.

On the skin or eyelids, basal cell carcinoma generally appears as a lump that is the same color as the skin or sometimes appears reddish and slightly darker. The tumor lump is not painful, but may be accompanied by bleeding and injury.

2. Squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma is an aggressive type of tumor that attacks the outer layer of the skin and can sometimes appear on the injured skin. These tumors are more common in people who have frequent sun exposure.

Squamous cell carcinoma usually appears as a lump or thickening that causes the skin to be scaly and bleed easily. If it appears on the eyelids, these malignant tumor cells can spread into the eyeball and cause other complaints, such as visual disturbances.

This type of tumor on the eyelid can sometimes resemble other skin problems, such as warts or ulcers on the eyelids. Therefore, it takes a thorough examination from a doctor to diagnose this tumor.

3. Sebaceous gland carcinoma

This tumor is classified as rare, but potentially fatal because it is often mistaken for a stye or chronic inflammation of the eye. The location where these tumors form is the sebaceous glands ( sebaceous glands ), which are glands that produce oil in the skin.

The symptoms appear as small red or yellow bumps on the eyelids. These lumps can enlarge and cause irritation to the eye. If treated late, these tumors can spread to other parts of the body, including the lungs, liver, brain and bones.

4. Eyelid melanoma

Eyelid melanoma is a dangerous type of tumor because it can spread throughout the body if not treated early. Melanoma is a type of malignant tumor that is formed from melanocyte cells, which are cells that produce pigments or natural dyes in hair, skin and eyes.

Eyelid melanoma is characterized by the presence of a pigmented lump on the eyelid and can grow rapidly. In addition, symptoms that often occur are dark skin color, the appearance of new moles, until the mole looks bigger or gets bigger quickly.

Eyelid Tumor Treatment

An eyelid tumor is a condition that needs to be checked by a doctor immediately. To diagnose the type and severity of tumors on the eyelids, the doctor can perform eye examinations and investigations, such as:

• Biopsy
• Tumor marker
• Radiological examinations, such as CT scan, MRI, or ultrasound

If the results of the examination show that your eye tumor is benign, your doctor may only recommend treatment in the form of regular monitoring to ensure that the tumor does not get bigger or turn malignant. However, benign tumors can also be treated with surgery.

Meanwhile, to treat a malignant tumor on the eyelid, doctors can perform treatment in the form of:

Operation

Operation or surgery aims to remove the tumor tissue in the eyelid. This operation can be performed conventionally or with certain surgical techniques, such as freeze surgery (cryotherapy), electrosurgery, and laser surgery.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy or radiotherapy uses high-power X-ray radiation to kill cancer cells. In addition, this therapy also aims to inhibit the growth of tumor or cancer cells.

Chemotherapy

This treatment method uses chemotherapy drugs to kill tumor or cancer cells. Doctors will usually combine radiation therapy and surgery with chemotherapy to treat malignant tumors on the eyelids.

The appearance of eyelid tumors, both benign and malignant, can generally be prevented in the following ways:

• Avoiding prolonged exposure to sunlight
• Wear sunglasses and sunscreen when you are outdoors
• Keep away from cigarettes or secondhand smoke and alcoholic beverages
• Checking your health condition ( check-up ) regularly to an eye doctor

If you experience symptoms of an eyelid tumor, such as lumps, sores or spots, and discoloration of the skin on the eyelids, you should immediately consult a doctor for the condition. This is important so that the tumor on the eyelid can be detected early and treated as soon as possible.

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