Know the Difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes is also known by the public as "diabetes" or "diabetes". Diabetes is divided into 2 types, namely type 1 diabetes and type 2. Despite having the same symptoms, there are differences between the two. Not only from the cause, but also the treatment.

In type 1 diabetes, the body cannot produce the hormone insulin. Whereas in type 2 diabetes, the body's cells become less sensitive to the hormone insulin, even though the production and levels of the hormone insulin are normal.

Know the Difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas. This hormone serves to help the body's cells take sugar from the blood and convert it into energy.

Differences in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Terms of Causes

In type 1 diabetes, beta cells in the pancreas are damaged, so insulin production decreases. As a result, the body's cells cannot take sugar from the blood and blood sugar levels rise.

Type 1 diabetes occurs due to a disorder called autoimmune, where antibodies that are supposed to protect the body against infection actually attack the body's own cells. In this case, what is attacked by antibodies is beta cells that are in the pancreas.

The reason why antibodies produced by the immune system attack pancreatic beta cells is not known with certainty. However, this condition is thought to be related to genetic factors (heredity) and certain viral infections, such as the mumps virus and Coxsackie virus.

While in type 2 diabetes, insulin can be produced normally, but the body's cells are less sensitive so they cannot use it optimally. As a result, blood sugar levels will also increase as in type 1 diabetes.

The cause of body cells to become insensitive and unable to use insulin properly is also not known with certainty. However, there are several factors that are known to increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, namely an inactive lifestyle, obesity, and aging.

Differences in Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Symptoms

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes actually have the same symptoms. The following are symptoms that can be experienced by people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes due to high blood sugar levels in their bodies:

  • Easy to thirst
  • easily hungry
  • Frequent urination
  • lost weight
  • Easily tired
  • Blurry view
  • The wound takes longer to heal

So what distinguishes the symptoms of type 1 diabetes and type 2? The difference between the symptoms of type 1 and 2 diabetes lies in the range of time symptoms appear

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes usually appear instantaneously and develop quickly within a few weeks. Whereas in type 2 diabetes, the symptoms are not obvious initially, but slowly the symptoms will worsen. It is not uncommon for people with type 2 diabetes to realize their illness after experiencing serious complications

In patients who show symptoms of diabetes, the doctor will do a blood sugar check, both blood sugar when (GDS), fasting blood sugar (GDP), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c). HbA1c examination is the most ideal examination because it can provide information on the average blood sugar level of the patient during the last 2-3 months.

To determine whether the patient has type 1 or type 2 diabetes, the doctor will recommend an antibody test to detect levels of antibodies that attack beta cells in the pancreas. Examination of this antibody can distinguish type 1 diabetes and type 2, because these antibodies can only be found in type 1 diabetes.

Differences in Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 in Terms of Treatment

People with type 1 diabetes can not produce the hormone insulin. This causes people with type 1 diabetes to depend absolutely on giving insulin from the outside. People with type 1 diabetes need to inject insulin into their bodies several times a day and monitor their blood sugar levels closely.

While people with type 2 diabetes usually do not need insulin in the early stages of the disease, because the body still produces insulin.

Type 2 diabetes which is still in its early stages can be overcome by lifestyle changes, such as avoiding high-calorie food consumption, regular exercise, and maintaining an ideal body weight. If there is no improvement, then the doctor will give medication or insulin.

Differences in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes from the Age of Sufferers

Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in children and adolescents, while type 2 diabetes usually occurs in adults over the age of 40 years. However, this number is not a definite benchmark. Sometimes older people can also have type 1 diabetes and young people can have type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, should not be ignored and need to be treated appropriately. If not, a variety of complications will arise that can be fatal. Therefore, if you experience symptoms of diabetes or have a risk of developing diabetes, you should consult a doctor.

Written by:

dr. Irene Cindy Sunur

Label : Health cat_Health

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