Types of Heart Disease, Symptoms and Causes

Coronary heart disease is one of the highest causes of death in Indonesia. In addition to that , there are other types of heart disease that are also dangerous. Let's get to know what types of heart disease are, symptoms and causes.

The heart is a vital organ that functions to pump and drain blood throughout the body, so that the organs and tissues of the body can function properly. However, some things can cause interference with the heart and make this organ not function normally. Now, let's discuss the following types of heart disease.

Various M Acam Heart Disease

There are many kinds of heart disease that can befall someone. The types of heart disease include:

1. Coronary heart disease

Coronary heart disease (CHD) occurs when the arteries that drain blood to the heart become hardened and narrowed. This condition is triggered by cholesterol buildup and blood clots in the arteries (atherosclerosis).

This narrowing of the arteries causes blood flow and oxygen to the heart to be reduced, as a result the organ cannot function normally.

Symptoms that arise from this disease include chest pain, shortness of breath, cold sweat, chest palpitations, and nausea. Chest pain due to CHD can be felt spread to the neck, jaw, throat, back, and arms. If left untreated, this condition can lead to complications in the form of a heart attack.

2. Heart attack

A heart attack is an emergency condition that occurs when blood supply to the heart is totally blocked, so that the heart muscle cells are damaged. Heart attacks are usually caused by coronary heart disease.

Symptoms that appear are usually in the form of chest pain, shortness of breath, and cold sweat. If not treated immediately, a heart attack can cause permanent damage to the organ. If the damage is widespread, sufferers of a heart attack may experience sudden cardiac arrest.

3. Arrhythmia

Arrhythmias are disorders of the heart rhythm. Heart rhythm in arrhythmia sufferers can be too fast, too slow, or irregular. Arrhythmia occurs when electrical stimulation that regulates the heartbeat is disturbed, so that the heart does not work properly.

The disorder can be caused by coronary heart disease, heart attacks, cardiomyopathy, and electrolyte disturbances, such as excess potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia) ) or lack of potassium (hypokalemia).

This disease may be asymptomatic. However, some patients with this heart disease may experience complaints of fatigue, dizziness, chest pain, palpitations, and feeling like fainting.

4. Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a disorder of the heart muscle. This condition causes abnormalities in the shape and strength of the heart muscle (for example the heart muscle becomes larger and stiff), so it cannot pump blood throughout the body properly.

This disease can be caused by genetic disorders or heredity, so that sufferers are born with this condition. Apart from genetic disorders, cardiomyopathy can also occur due to coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, or aging.

In the early stages, cardiomyopathy often causes no symptoms. Usually new signs and symptoms will emerge when this condition has entered a severe stage or there are other diseases that accompany it.

Symptoms that can appear in cardiomyopathy are swelling in the legs, chest pain, severe shortness of breath after move, get tired easily, and cough.

5. Heart failure

Heart failure is a condition of the heart that is too weak to pump blood throughout the body. If it lasts long term, heart failure can lead to serious complications namely cardiac arrest, pulmonary edema, liver failure, and kidney failure.

Heart failure is a heart disease that develops slowly in stages. This condition is usually preceded by other accompanying diseases, such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and congenital heart disease.

The main symptoms of heart failure include shortness of breath and coughing especially when lying down, chest pain after physical activity, tired quickly, and swelling in the legs and ankles.

6. Congenital heart disease

Congenital heart disease is a deformity of the heart that occurs from birth. This disorder can occur in the heart wall, heart valves, blood vessels near the heart, or a combination of all these disorders ( tetralogy of Fallot).

Symptoms that appear vary depending on the type and its severity. Some examples of symptoms are short and rapid breathing, chest pain, blue skin, decreased body weight, and late child development. These symptoms can be seen since the baby is born. But in some cases, the symptoms are only detected when the patient has reached the age of adolescence or before adulthood.

Congenital heart disease occurs due to interference with the process of heart development in the fetus. It is not yet known what causes the disorder, but it is thought to be related to heredity, alcohol consumption, use of certain drugs during pregnancy, or infection during the first trimester of pregnancy.

7. Heart valve disease

Heart valve disease occurs when the heart valve cannot open or close properly, causing dams or obstructions to the blood flow. As a result, blood flow throughout the body will be disrupted.

Patients with this disease may not feel any symptoms for a long time. When symptoms appear, sufferers will experience shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, irregular heartbeat, and swelling in certain body parts, such as legs and stomach.

Heart valve disease can occur from birth due to hereditary factors or only occurs when children and adults age due to other diseases, such as rheumatic fever or endocarditis. Some other conditions that can cause heart valve disease are Kawasaki disease, coronary heart disease, heart attack, and cardiomyopathy.

8. Endocarditis

Endocarditis is an infection of the connective tissue lining the walls and valves of the heart. This infection occurs when germs from other parts of the body, such as the mouth and skin, enter the heart wall through the bloodstream.

Bacteria or fungi that cause endocarditis can enter through wounds to the body or sores in the mouth, catheter placement, use of non-sterile needles for tattoos or piercings, and use of injecting drug.

Frequent symptoms of endocarditis are fever and chills, shortness of breath, and chest pain when breathing, excessive sweating at night, swelling in the night limbs or stomach, and heart sounds or abnormal heart sounds.

9. Heart tumors

Heart tumors are abnormal tissue growths in the heart wall. Tumors can be cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign). These tumors can grow on the walls of the heart muscle or the heart's protective lining (pericardium).

If they get bigger, they can push against the walls of the heart and make it hard for the heart to pump blood. Often heart tumors have no symptoms. Even so, some sufferers of heart tumors can show mild to severe symptoms.

Symptoms can include shortness of breath, swelling in the legs, irregular heart palpitations, fatigue, low blood pressure, dizziness, fainting, and weight loss. .

Is There Anything Else That Increases Your Risk of Heart Disease?

The answer, there is. A person is said to be at high risk of experiencing several types of heart disease above if he has one or several of the following conditions:

• Hypertension.
• Diabetes.
• Cholesterol high.
• Family history of heart disease.
• Excessive weight or obesity.
• Unhealthy lifestyles, such as frequent smoking, rarely exercise.
• Having a weak immune system, such as HIV infection, using immunosuppressive drugs, or undergoing chemotherapy treatment.

Most heart diseases cannot be cured, so sufferers need to undergo treatment for life. However, heart disease can be controlled so that it does not get worse by living a healthy lifestyle and taking medication.

If the heart disease is severe enough, heart surgery may be needed. Therefore, do a regular heart check to the heart doctor, especially if you have risk factors for heart disease. The goal is that your doctor can detect early if there are abnormalities in your heart.

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