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Permanent tooth eruption is the process of growth and development of permanent teeth, starting from their formation in the oral cavity until they emerge on the surface of the gums and function as they should. This process usually starts at the age of 6–7 years and lasts until the age of 21 years.

Permanent teeth are teeth that replace milk teeth, namely teeth that are temporary and grow from the age of 6 months. Permanent tooth eruption generally starts from the molars and lower central incisors. By the age of 13 years, most children already have 28 permanent teeth before finally having 32 permanent teeth at the age of 17–21 years.

Even though the process of tooth growth seems to have clear stages, the actual process of permanent tooth eruption can vary, depending on gender, genetics, environment and health conditions. certain. 

Eruption of Permanent Teeth and Its Process

The emergence of permanent teeth usually begins with the growth of the lower molars. These teeth are often referred to as 6 year molars. The growth of lower molars usually coincides with the first loss of milk teeth, namely when the child is 6 or 7 years old. After falling out, permanent teeth will grow and emerge from the gum surface.

Unlike the emergence of teeth, the eruption of permanent teeth is a process of tooth growth that occurs long before the teeth penetrate the gums and appear in the oral cavity. This process generally occurs early and lasts until adolescence.

The following are the stages of permanent tooth eruption that you need to know:

1. Pre-eruption stage

The process of tooth development and growth actually begins long before the teeth penetrate the gum surface. In this phase, permanent teeth have developed and create small movements within the oral cavity . This movement occurs due to the growth of the roots and crowns of the teeth in the jawbone before forming a path for the teeth to exit to the gum surface.

2. Prefunctional stage

The next process of permanent tooth eruption is the prefunctional stage. This stage occurs when the tooth root has formed and the eruption pathway is completely open. This causes the rate of eruption to be faster and the pressure from the surrounding tissue to be stronger.

Even though the teeth have not yet emerged from the gum surface, this phase is an important stage considering the adjustment between tooth growth and jawbone development.

3. Functional stage

The functional stage is the phase when permanent teeth begin to emerge from the gum surface and can be used for chewing. This means that in this phase the jawbone is fully formed and the tooth roots are strong.

The functional stage actually still involves some bone growth that supports the strength of permanent teeth. In addition, at this stage the tooth roots have reached their final stage of development. 

Eruption of Permanent Teeth and Factors That Influence It

The eruption of permanent teeth certainly does not always go smoothly. The reason is, not all children experience the eruption of permanent teeth as they should. There are several factors that cause disruption of permanent tooth eruption, namely:

Local factors

There are many local factors that can influence the eruption process of permanent teeth, such as injury to milk teeth, premature loss of milk teeth, abnormal tooth shape, and loss of space for dentition. These various factors can inhibit the eruption process of permanent teeth, so that their growth is delayed. 

Systemic factors

Apart from local factors, systemic factors can also influence the eruption process of permanent teeth. These factors include diseases related to endocrine hormones, poor nutrition, and consumption of certain medications.

Apart from that, there is research which states that most disorders in tooth eruption are caused by genetic factors. In fact, several disorders have been linked specifically to the process of tooth eruption, such as Down syndromeDown syndrome , dysplasia, Turner syndrome, and Gardner Syndrome.

Now, you know some information about permanent tooth eruption and the factors that influence it. Therefore, it is important for you to maintain healthy teeth from an early age to optimize the eruption process of permanent teeth.

Apart from that, parents also need to have their children's teeth checked by a doctor regularly. This is important so that the growth and development of children's teeth is always well maintained. 

If your little one's permanent tooth eruption does not occur on time, don't hesitate to consult a doctor online via Chat with a Doctor. Through this consultation, the doctor can provide appropriate information and advice according to the condition of your little one's teeth.

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