This List of High Blood Pressure Medication Needs to Know

There are many types of drugs to treat top i high blood pressure. Drugs which are included in the list of high blood pressure medications have different ways of working. People with hypertension who regularly consume high blood pressure drugs need to recognize the type, method of action and side effects of these drugs .

Normal blood pressure is blood pressure that is at 120/80 mmHg or slightly below that number. Someone can be said to have high blood pressure or hypertension if the blood pressure is at a value of 130/80 mmHg or more.

This List of High Blood Pressure Medication Needs to Know

Hypertension can appear without symptoms and is often only detected during a routine health check (check up). Untreated high blood pressure can cause a number of complications, such as heart disease, kidney damage, and stroke.

High blood pressure is caused by a combination of several factors, namely old age, heredity, and an unhealthy lifestyle, such as consuming too much salt, lack of exercise, often stressed, or smoking.

In addition, certain conditions or diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, to hormonal disorders, can also cause high blood pressure.

List of High Blood Pressure Medications that You choose.

In order to treat hypertension and maintain stable blood pressure, the doctor will advise patients to make lifestyle improvements, such as:

  • Maintain a healthy diet by reducing salt intake and increasing fruit and vegetable consumption.
  • Increase physical activity and regular exercise.
  • Lose weight if you are obese and maintain ideal body weight.
  • Reducing consumption of caffeinated beverages, such as coffee, tea or soft drinks.
  • Stop smoking.
  • Reducing alcohol consumption.
  • Reducing stress by relaxing.
  • Get enough sleep.

However, if lifestyle improvement fails to reduce blood pressure, your doctor will prescribe medicines to reduce high blood pressure. During taking the drug, the patient must of course continue to adopt a healthy lifestyle.

These high blood pressure medicines are quite diverse and are divided into several types, namely:

< 1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)

ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting the production of the hormone angiotensin, which is a hormone that can constrict blood vessels. With this drug, the muscles of the blood vessel walls will relax and widen slightly, so the pressure on the blood vessels decreases.

ACE inhibitors are usually given to patients over 65 years old or hypertensive patients who have other medical conditions, such as heart disease, heart failure, kidney disorders, and diabetes.

Examples of commonly used ACE inhibitor drugs are captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, perindopril, and ramipril. Side effects of ACE inhibitors include dry cough, headaches, dizziness, hyperkalemia and skin rashes.

This high blood pressure medication can also increase the risk of fetal abnormalities or defects if consumed by pregnant women.

< 2. Angiotensin II receptor blocker ( ARB)

ARB has almost the same effect as ACE inhibitors, but the way these two classes of drugs work is different. ARB inhibits the action of the angiotensin hormone which constricts blood vessels, so that blood vessels can be widened so that blood circulation runs smoothly while lowering blood pressure.

Usually the doctor will prescribe this drug to patients who are not compatible with the ACE inhibitor. Examples of ARB drugs are candesartan, irbesartan, losartan, valsartan, and olmesartan.

High blood pressure medications for ARB have several side effects, such as dizziness, headaches, and an increased risk of fetal death in the womb.

< 3. Beta blockers

Beta blockers work by inhibiting the effects of the hormone epinephrine or adrenaline, a hormone that plays a role in increasing blood flow and pressure. Because of these effects, beta blockers can make the heart beat faster and decrease blood pressure.

In addition to reducing blood pressure, this class of drugs can also be used to treat heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias), heart failure, heart disease, and hyperthyroidism.

Examples of beta blockers or beta blockers are atenolol, bisoprolol, and metoprolol. Side effects that are often experienced after taking this drug are dizziness, headaches, nausea, fatigue, insomnia, and shortness of breath.

Therefore, the use of beta blockers may need to be avoided by people with hypertension who have asthma.

< 4. Calcium channel blocker (CCB) Calcium is a mineral that has a role to increase the strength of the heart muscle and blood vessels. CCB works by blocking the entry of calcium into the heart muscle and blood vessel walls, thus making the heart cells and blood vessels of the muscles relax and relax. This effect decreases blood pressure.

This drug is usually given together with beta blockers. Examples of CCB drugs are amlodipine, nicardipine, diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine.

Just like other types of high blood pressure medications, CCB also has side effects. Some of the side effects that can arise from the use of CCB are headaches, swollen feet, palpitations, and constipation.

5. Diuretic

Diuretics work by removing excess water and sodium in the body, so that the amount of fluid and salt that flows in blood vessels decreases. This effect can cause a decrease in blood pressure.

Examples of diuretic drugs are furosemide, torsemide, spironolactone, and hydrochlorothiazide. Diuretic drugs can cause side effects such as dizziness, frequent thirst, more frequent urination, muscle cramps, dehydration, skin rashes, and the appearance of symptoms of gout.

6. Nitrates

Nitrates function to dilate blood vessels, so that blood flow to the heart increases and the heart does not pump blood more strongly. Usually, doctors will only prescribe these drugs when beta blockers and CCB drugs do not work effectively or in hypertensive patients who have heart attacks.

The types of nitrate drugs are isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate, and glyceryl trinitrate. These high blood pressure medications can cause side effects such as dizziness, redness, nausea, hypotension, and mouth discomfort.

< 7. Alpha blockers

This high blood pressure medication works by inhibiting the action of the hormone norepinephrine which can narrow blood flow and make muscles contract. Drug alpha blockers can relax the muscles of blood vessels, so that blood pressure decreases.

Alpha blockers are generally not the main choice for high blood pressure medications. This drug is usually given to hypertensive patients who also have other medical conditions, such as benign prostate enlargement (BPH) and peripheral arterial disease.

Examples of drugs that are classified as alpha blockers are terazosin, prazosin, and tamsulosin. Side effects of alpha blockers are dizziness and orthostatic hypotension, which is a decrease in blood pressure when the body position changes.

The choice of type and dose of high blood pressure medication needs to be adjusted to the condition of each patient. That is why hypertension sufferers need to consult a doctor first to determine which type of high blood medicine is suitable and safe to use in accordance with the conditions.

In addition, hypertension sufferers are also advised to check their blood pressure routinely at home with a tensimeter and routine control to the doctor to monitor the effectiveness of medication in controlling blood pressure.

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